Intentionally dealing in proceeds of crime – $1,000,000 or more is an offence under section 400.3(1) of the Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth), which carries a maximum penalty of 25 years in prison.
To establish the offence, the prosecution must prove beyond reasonable doubt that:
- You dealt with money or other property
- The money or property was, and you believed it was, the proceeds of crime, or you intended for it to become an instrument of crime, and
- The value of the money and/or property was $1,000,000 or more.
You ‘dealt with’ money or property if you:
- Received, possessed, concealed or disposed of it
- Imported it into, or exported it from, Australia, or
- Engaged in a banking transaction relating to it.
‘Importing’ or ‘exporting’ includes transferring by electronic communication.
‘Property’ means real or personal property of any description, whether in Australia or elsewhere, whether tangible or intangible, including any interest in the property.
The definition encompasses financial instruments, cards and other objects that represent or can be exchanged for money.
‘Proceeds of crime’ means wholly or partly derived or realised, directly or indirectly, by any person from the commission of an offence against the Commonwealth, a State or Territory, or a foreign country, that may be dealt with as an indictable offence.
An ‘indictable offence’ is one which may be dealt with in a higher court such as the District or Supreme Court.
An ‘instrument of crime’ is money or property used in the commission of, or to facilitate the commission of, an offence against the Commonwealth, a State or Territory, or a foreign country, that may be dealt with as an indictable offence.
You are not guilty of the offence if you are able to establish ‘on the balance of probabilities’ that you mistakenly but reasonably believed the value of the money or property was less than $1,000,000.
In that event, you may be found guilty of an alternative, less-serious offence.
Duress is a defence to the charge.
Recklessly dealing in proceeds of crime – $1,000,000 or more is an offence under section 400.3(2) of the Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth), which carries a maximum penalty of 12 years in prison.
To establish the offence, the prosecution must prove beyond reasonable doubt that:
- You dealt with money or other property
- The money or property was the proceeds of crime, or there was a risk it would become an instrument of crime
- You were reckless as to whether the money or property was the proceeds of crime or would become an instrument of crime, and
- The value of the money and/or property was $1,000,000 or more.
You ‘dealt with’ money or property if you:
- Received, possessed, concealed or disposed of it
- Imported it into, or exported it from, Australia, or
- Engaged in a banking transaction relating to it.
‘Importing’ or ‘exporting’ includes transferring by electronic communication.
‘Property’ means real or personal property of any description, including any interest in the property.
The definition encompasses financial instruments, cards and other objects that represent or can be exchanged for money.
‘Proceeds of crime’ means wholly or partly derived or realised, directly or indirectly, by any person from the commission of an offence against the Commonwealth, a State or Territory, or a foreign country, that may be dealt with as an indictable offence.
An ‘indictable offence’ is one which may be dealt with in a higher court such as the District or Supreme Court.
An ‘instrument of crime’ is money or property used in the commission of, or to facilitate the commission of, an offence against the Commonwealth, a State or Territory, or a foreign country, that may be dealt with as an indictable offence.
You were ‘reckless’ if you were aware there was a substantial risk that the money or property was the proceeds of crime, or that there was a risk it would become an instrument of crime and it was unjustifiable to take that risk, but you went ahead with your actions regardless.
You are not guilty of the offence if you are able to establish ‘on the balance of probabilities’ that you mistakenly but reasonably believed the value of the money or property was less than $1,000,000.
In that event, you may be found guilty of an alternative, less-serious offence.
Duress is a defence to the charge.
Negligently dealing in proceeds of crime – $1,000,000 or more is an offence under section 400.3(3) of the Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth), which carries a maximum penalty of 5 years in prison.
To establish the offence, the prosecution must prove beyond reasonable doubt that:
- You dealt with money or other property
- The money or property was the proceeds of crime, or there was a risk it would become an instrument of crime
- You were negligent as to whether the money or property was the proceeds of crime or would become an instrument of crime, and
- The value of the money and/or property was $1,000,000 or more.
You ‘dealt with’ money or property if you:
- Received, possessed, concealed or disposed of it
- Imported it into, or exported it from, Australia, or
- Engaged in a banking transaction relating to it.
‘Importing’ or ‘exporting’ includes transferring by electronic communication.
‘Property’ means real or personal property of any description, including any interest in the property.
The definition encompasses financial instruments, cards and other objects that represent or can be exchanged for money.
‘Proceeds of crime’ means wholly or partly derived or realised, directly or indirectly, by any person from the commission of an offence against the Commonwealth, a State or Territory, or a foreign country, that may be dealt with as an indictable offence.
An ‘indictable offence’ is one which may be dealt with in a higher court, such as the District or Supreme Court.
An ‘instrument of crime’ is money or property used in the commission of, or to facilitate the commission of, an offence against the Commonwealth, a State or Territory, or a foreign country, that may be dealt with as an indictable offence.
You were ‘negligent’ if:
- Your conduct represented a great falling short of the standard of care that a reasonable person would exercise in the circumstances, and
- There was such a high risk the money or property in question was the proceeds of crime or would become an instrument of crime that your conduct merits criminal punishment.
You are not guilty of the offence if you are able to establish ‘on the balance of probabilities’ that you mistakenly but reasonably believed the value of the money or property was less than $1,000,000.
In that event, you may be found guilty of an alternative, less-serious offence.
Duress is a defence to the charge.
If you require Expert Legal Advice from an Experienced Criminal Defence Lawyer for your Dealing in Proceeds of Crime $1000,000 or more matter, call Sydney Criminal Lawyers® today on (02) 9261 8881.
The Legislation
400.3 Dealing in proceeds of crime etc.—money or property worth $1,000,000 or more
(1) A person is guilty of an offence if:
(a) the person deals with money or other property; and
(b) either:
(i) the money or property is, and the person believes it to be, proceeds of crime; or
(ii) the person intends that the money or property will become an instrument of crime; and
(c) at the time of the dealing, the value of the money and other property is $1,000,000 or more.
Penalty: Imprisonment for 25 years, or 1500 penalty units, or both.
(2) A person is guilty of an offence if:
(a) the person deals with money or other property; and
(b) either:
(i) the money or property is proceeds of crime; or
(ii) there is a risk that the money or property will become an instrument of crime; and
(c) the person is reckless as to the fact that the money or property is proceeds of crime or the fact that there is a risk that it will become an instrument of crime (as the case requires); and
(d) at the time of the dealing, the value of the money and other property is $1,000,000 or more.
Penalty: Imprisonment for 12 years, or 720 penalty units, or both.
(3) A person is guilty of an offence if:
(a) the person deals with money or other property; and
(b) either:
(i) the money or property is proceeds of crime; or
(ii) there is a risk that the money or property will become an instrument of crime; and
(c) the person is negligent as to the fact that the money or property is proceeds of crime or the fact that there is a risk that it will become an instrument of crime (as the case requires); and
(d) at the time of the dealing, the value of the money and other property is $1,000,000 or more.
Penalty: Imprisonment for 5 years, or 300 penalty units, or both.
(4) Absolute liability applies to paragraphs (1)(c), (2)(d) and (3)(d).
Note 1: Section 400.10 provides for a defence of mistake of fact in relation to these paragraphs.
Note 2: Section 400.2A affects the application of this section so far as it relates to a person dealing with money or other property that:
(a) is intended by the person to become an instrument of crime; or
(b) is at risk of becoming an instrument of crime.
Relevant Definitions are as follows:
ADI (authorised deposit-taking institution) means:
(a) a body corporate that is an ADI for the purposes of the Banking Act 1959; or
(b) the Reserve Bank of Australia; or
(c) a person who carries on State banking within the meaning of paragraph 51(xiii) of the Constitution.
Australian Capital Territory indictable offence means an offence against a law of the Australian Capital Territory that may be dealt with as an indictable offence (even if it may, in some circumstances, be dealt with as a summary offence).
banking transaction includes:
(a) any transaction made at an ADI; and
(b) any transaction involving a money order.
Commonwealth indictable offence means an offence against a law of the Commonwealth, or a law of a Territory (other than the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory), that may be dealt with as an indictable offence (even if it may, in some circumstances, be dealt with as a summary offence).
deals with money or other property has the meaning given by section 400.2.
export money or other property, from Australia, includes transfer money or other property from Australia by an electronic communication.
foreign indictable offence means an offence against a law of a foreign country constituted by conduct that, if it had occurred in Australia, would have constituted an offence against:
(a) a law of the Commonwealth; or
(b) a law of a State or Territory connected with the offence;
that may be dealt with as an indictable offence (even if it may, in some circumstances, be dealt with as a summary offence).
Note: See subsection (3) for when a law of a State or Territory is connected with the offence.
import money or other property, into Australia, includes transfer money or other property to Australia by an electronic communication.
instrument of crime: money or other property is an instrument of crime if it is used in the commission of, or used to facilitate the commission of, an offence against a law of the Commonwealth, a State, a Territory or a foreign country that may be dealt with as an indictable offence (even if it may, in some circumstances, be dealt with as a summary offence).
Northern Territory indictable offence means an offence against a law of the Northern Territory that may be dealt with as an indictable offence (even if it may, in some circumstances, be dealt with as a summary offence).
proceeds of crime means any money or other property that is wholly or partly derived or realised, directly or indirectly, by any person from the commission of an offence against a law of the Commonwealth, a State, a Territory or a foreign country that may be dealt with as an indictable offence (even if it may, in some circumstances, be dealt with as a summary offence).
property means real or personal property of every description, whether situated in Australia or elsewhere and whether tangible or intangible, and includes an interest in any such real or personal property.
State indictable offence means an offence against a law of a State that may be dealt with as an indictable offence (even if it may, in some circumstances, be dealt with as a summary offence).
(2) To avoid doubt, a reference in this Division to money or other property includes a reference to financial instruments, cards and other objects that represent money or can be exchanged for money, whether or not they have intrinsic value.
(3) For the purposes of the definition of foreign indictable offence in subsection (1), a State or Territory is connected with the offence if:
(a) a dealing in money or property takes place in the State or Territory; and
(b) the money or property would be proceeds of crime, or could become an instrument of crime, in relation to the offence if the offence were a foreign indictable offence.
400.2 Definition of deals with money or other property
A person deals with money or other property if the person does any of the following:
(a) receives, possesses, conceals or disposes of money or other property;
(b) imports money or other property into Australia;
(c) exports money or other property from Australia;
(d) engages in a banking transaction relating to money or other property.
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